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Water described as "hard" is high in dissolved minerals, specifically calcium and magnesium. Hard water is a nuisance because of mineral buildup on fixtures and poor soap and/or detergent performance and it may be a health risk for people on salt limited diets.
Pure water is tasteless, colourless, and odourless. However, as water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water "hard" and the degree of hardness becomes greater as the calcium and magnesium content increases.
Hard water interferes with almost every cleaning task, from laundering and dishwashing to bathing and personal grooming:
The amount of hardness minerals in water affects the amount of soap and detergent necessary for cleaning. Soap used in hard water combines with the minerals to form a sticky soap curd. Some synthetic detergents are less effective in hard water because the active ingredient is partially inactivated by hardness, even though it stays dissolved. Bathing with soap in hard water leaves a film of sticky soap curd on the skin. The film may prevent removal of soil and bacteria. Soap curd interferes with the return of skin to its normal, slightly acid condition, and may lead to irritation. Soap curd on hair may make it dull, lifeless and difficult to manage.
When doing laundry in hard water, soap curds lodge in fabric during washing to make fabric stiff and rough. Incomplete soil removal from laundry causes graying of white fabric and the loss of brightness in colours. A sour odor can develop in clothes. Continuous laundering in hard water can shorten the life of clothes. In addition, soap curds can deposit on dishes, bathtubs and showers, and all water fixtures.
What is Hard Water?
What are the problems associated with Hard Water?